01 · The discovery
The idea, in everyday language
Many cells share the same DNA but do different jobs. Part of the explanation lies in controlling when genetic instructions are used. Ambros and Ruvkun studied worms whose development happened at the wrong time.
They discovered that a very short RNA could bind to a messenger RNA and reduce the production of its protein. These microRNAs added a new layer to gene regulation. Later findings showed that the mechanism is widespread in animals, including humans.
Why it matters
MicroRNAs help coordinate development and cell behaviour. Understanding them has changed basic biology and provides research avenues for studying disease.
